Cube of Sum Identity with Expansion and Examples

Cube of Sum Identity gives the expansion of the cube of two added quantities. The formula (a + b)³ = a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³ helps simplify algebraic expressions, calculate numerical cubes and solve quantitative aptitude problems without lengthy multiplication.

On this page

What Is the Cube of Sum Identity?

The cube of sum identity is (a + b)³ = a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³. It expresses the cube of a sum as four terms involving the cubes and products of a and b.

Here, a and b can be numbers, variables or algebraic expressions. The coefficients of the middle terms are both 3, and every term has a total degree of 3. For example, (x + 2)³ = x³ + 6x² + 12x + 8.

Cube of Sum Identity Video Lessons

Watch short topic-wise lessons for quick revision.

12 Lessons
Lesson 1 of 12 Quick Revision

Cube Identities: A Plus or Minus B

Learn the cube identities for (A+B)³ and (A−B)³, along with the factorisations of A³+B³ and A³−B³ for solving algebraic expressions.

Continue with more lessons and practice in PrepShots.Watch More in App - Start ₹1 Trial →
More Cube of Sum Identity Lessons Scroll to explore →

Cube of Sum Identity Formula & Tricks

Important Formulas

Cube of a sum
(a + b)³ = a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³

Expand the cube of a sum into the cube of the first term, two middle product terms and the cube of the second term.

Equivalent factor form
(a + b)³ = (a + b)(a² + 2ab + b²)

Since (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b², multiplying this square by (a + b) gives the cube identity.

Binomial coefficient form
(a + b)³ = a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³

The coefficients 1, 3, 3, 1 come from the third row of Pascal's triangle.

Quick Tricks

Use the coefficient pattern 1-3-3-1

For a cube of a sum, write the powers of the first term in descending order and the powers of the second term in ascending order. Apply coefficients 1, 3, 3 and 1.

Example: (2x + 3)³ = 1(2x)³ + 3(2x)²(3) + 3(2x)(3)² + 1(3)³ = 8x³ + 36x² + 54x + 27.
Use the square first

When direct expansion is inconvenient, calculate (a + b)² first and multiply it by (a + b). This reduces sign and power errors.

Example: (x + 4)³ = (x + 4)(x² + 8x + 16) = x³ + 12x² + 48x + 64.

Cube of Sum Identity Concepts

Expanding a Cube of Two Terms

To expand (a + b)³, use a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³.

The first term is the cube of a, the second and third terms contain the coefficient 3, and the last term is the cube of b. The powers of a decrease from 3 to 0, while the powers of b increase from 0 to 3.

Example: (p + 5)³ = p³ + 3p²(5) + 3p(5²) + 5³ = p³ + 15p² + 75p + 125.

Applying the Identity to Numerical Values

A number near a convenient base can be cubed by writing it as a sum and applying the identity.

Choose a and b so that a³, b³ and the product terms are easy to calculate. For 12³, take a = 10 and b = 2.

Example: 12³ = (10 + 2)³ = 10³ + 3(10²)(2) + 3(10)(2²) + 2³ = 1000 + 600 + 120 + 8 = 1728.

Expanding Expressions with Terms

The identity remains unchanged when a and b are algebraic expressions rather than single variables.

Substitute the complete expressions for a and b, then simplify each term carefully. For example, in (x + 2y)³, take a = x and b = 2y.

Example: (x + 2y)³ = x³ + 3x²(2y) + 3x(2y)² + (2y)³ = x³ + 6x²y + 12xy² + 8y³.

Recognising a Cube of Sum

An expression is a cube of a sum when it matches a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³ for the same a and b.

The first and last terms must be perfect cubes, and the middle terms must have coefficients 3a²b and 3ab². For x³ + 6x² + 12x + 8, the terms match a = x and b = 2, so the expression is (x + 2)³.

Example: 27y³ + 27y² + 9y + 1 = (3y + 1)³, because a = 3y and b = 1.

Learn more concepts on PrepShots

Start ₹1 Trial →

Practice Cube of Sum Identity Questions

Practise published questions related to this topic.

Want more practice questions?

Practice in App →

Cube of Sum Identity Quick Quiz

Attempt 5 questions and check your score instantly.

Quick Revision Notes

Cube of Sum Identity Revision Points

Use these facts to recall the expansion and apply it correctly.

  • (a + b)³ = a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³.
  • The coefficient pattern is 1, 3, 3, 1.
  • The powers of the first term decrease from 3 to 0.
  • The powers of the second term increase from 0 to 3.
  • For (a + b)³, all terms have positive signs when a and b are positive algebraic terms.
  • The identity applies to numbers, variables and complete algebraic expressions.

Cube of Sum Identity FAQs

What is the cube of sum identity formula?

The formula is (a + b)³ = a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³.

How do you expand (x + 3)³?

(x + 3)³ = x³ + 3x²(3) + 3x(3²) + 3³ = x³ + 9x² + 27x + 27.

What is 11³ using the cube of sum identity?

11³ = (10 + 1)³ = 1000 + 300 + 30 + 1 = 1331.

How is the cube of sum different from the cube of difference?

The cube of sum is (a + b)³ = a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³. The cube of difference is (a - b)³ = a³ - 3a²b + 3ab² - b³.

How can you identify whether an expression is a cube of a sum?

Check whether it has the form a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³. For example, x³ + 6x² + 12x + 8 equals (x + 2)³.

What is the expansion of (2a + 3b)³?

(2a + 3b)³ = 8a³ + 36a²b + 54ab² + 27b³.

Continue learning Cube of Sum Identity on PrepShots

Continue on PrepShots